Awareness and Use of Chatbots by Uundergraduates in Universities in Ogun State

Abstract

This study examined undergraduates’ awareness and use of chatbots in public universities in

Ogun State, Nigeria, focusing on their integration into academic activities. Despite the rapid

growth of these tools and their potential benefits, uncertainty remains about their adoption in

Nigerian higher education. The study assessed awareness, frequency and types of chatbot use,

supported academic activities, challenges, and the effect of awareness on usage. A descriptive

survey design was employed, targeting 23,307 undergraduates across three universities. Using

stratified random sampling, 277 respondents were selected. Data were collected through a

validated questionnaire and analysed with descriptive statistics. Results showed high

awareness (mean = 64.75), with ChatGPT, Meta AI, WPS AI, and Gemini AI identified as the

most used platforms. Chatbots were applied to exam preparation, academic support, and

research. Challenges included reliance on stable internet and limited emotional intelligence in

interactions. The study concludes that chatbot use is widespread and impactful, though

constrained by infrastructural and ethical concerns. It recommends embedding digital literacy

programmes to foster critical, ethical engagement with AI that supports learning while

preserving academic integrity.