EVALUATION OF PLASMID PROFILES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACT ON BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM DIARRHEAL CHICKS

Abstract

Plants have been documented as one of the sources that possesses antimicrobial traits which are chiefly synthesized during secondary metabolites. This study evaluate the plasmid profiles and antimicrobial activity of plant extracts on bacterial isolates from diarrheal chicks. Diarrheal stool samples were collected randomly from poultry farm. Isolates and characterization were done using standard microbiological procedures. The plant materials used are coffee seed, Moringa oleifera and scent leaves. Extraction from these plants was done using Ethanol, Methanol and Hot water. Antibiotic resistance profile was carried out using standard disk diffusion method and antibacterial activity of the plants extracts were carried out using Agar well diffusion method. While the plasmid isolation and profiling were carried out according to the manufactures instruction and electrophoresis of the DNA was carried out in a 0.8% agarose gel. The result revealed the presence of Salmonella enteritids, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The results of the plant extract against the isolates, shows that the plant extacts used in this research indicated high levels of zones of inhibition against the test bacteria. The plasmid profiles showed that the two isolates of Escherichia coli had 6.8 kbp and 9.6kbp, three isolates of P. aeroginosa had 5.9kbp, 7.0kbp and 8.9kbp while S enteritids had 8.9kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern indicate that all the tested bacteria had high resistances pattern on the antibiotic used. The genes carried on plasmids provides bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance. The results of this research suggests that the three plants extracts used exhibited significant in vitro antimicrobial activity against the three isolates from chick diarrheal and can be formulated as an alternative antibiotic for chick diarrhael.