Optimization of Multiphase Queuing Models For Antenatal Care Units in Nigerian Public Hospitals

Abstract

Efficient healthcare delivery is crucial for improving population health outcomes, especially in maternal and child health services in low- and middle-income countries. One of the persistent operational challenges in healthcare institutions is managing patient flow to minimize waiting times while ensuring optimal use of available resources. This study investigates the use of multiphase queuing models to optimize patient flow at the antenatal clinic of the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Umuahia, Nigeria. The study adopts a (M/Ek/1) :(FCFS/∞/∞) queuing model and explores three other queuing models to check system efficiency. Primary data were collected through direct observations, structured interviews with staff, and patient surveys. The TORA and R programming software were used to analyse system performance, test of hypothesis and validity of model assumptions. The findings reveal significant differences in system performance for the different queuing models, with hybrid(single-cum-multi-server) models demonstrating superior outcomes in terms of reduced waiting time, and balanced utilization. This research contributes to healthcare operations management by providing evidence-based strategies for enhancing service delivery and patient satisfaction in resource-constrained maternal healthcare settings.