EKETE - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
Home > Vol 3, No 1 (2025) > Ekpe

CURRENT TRENDS ON THE APPLICATION OF AI-MACHINE LEARNING MODEL IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

Nwali Monday Ekpe, Agwu Odii Chukwuemeka, Gift Adene, Lawrence Aguzu Ogbaga

Abstract


With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and the machine learning techniques, researchers worldwide strive to apply towards machine learning in the clinical practices. One of the key aims of the clinical practices sector has been achieving the early detection or prediction of disease to provide timely, preventive interventions of disease. This study is focused on the current trends in the application of machine learning in the clinical practices. The study adopted a qualitative design. The study relied on secondary data using a content analytic approach. It was revealed that the application of machine learning models in the clinical practice and utilisation of AI-Machine Learning has improved in clinical practice. However, it is still at the gestation stage in developing countries especially in Africa particularly in Nigeria. The paper equally concluded that AI-Machine Learning has the potential to revolutionize clinical practice across the worldwide. Machine learning outperforms humans in terms of speed when diagnosing illness diagnosis.  In addition, the paper concludes that Machine Learning models in clinical practice cannot exhibit empathy, unlike real-life medical personnel who can guide a patient through a challenging treatment process, hold their hand when they get life-altering diagnostic news, occupy a young patient who is afraid of getting blood, or really care about their patients.


Keywords


Artificial Intelligence; Clinical Practices; Machine Learning Models; Health

Full Text:

PDF

References


Qin, Z.Z., Sander, M.S., Rai, B.,Titahong, C.N., Sudrungrot, S. and Laah, S.N. et al. (2019), Using artificial intelligence to read chest radiographs for tuberculosis detection : a multisite evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of three deep learning systems, Sci. Rep. 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51503-3.

Pillai, S.V. and Kumar, R.S. (2021) The role of data-driven artificial intelligence on COVID-19 disease management in public sphere: a review, Decision 48 (2021) 375–389, https://doi.org/10.1007/S40622-021-00289-3, 2021 484.

Osei, D. Kuupiel, P.N. and Vezi, T.P. (2021). Mashamba-Thompson, Mapping evidence of mobile health technologies for disease diagnosis and treatment support by health workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review, BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 21 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1186/S12911-020-01381-X/FIGURES/4

Cresswell, K., & Sheikh, A. (2017). The potential of AI in healthcare is staggering – but it also poses a risk to patient privacy. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/healthcare-network/views-from-the-nhs-frontline/2017/oct/05/ai-healthcare-patient-privacyethics.

Gwagwa, A., Kraemer-Mbula, E., Rizk, N., Rutenberg, I. and de Beer, J. (2020). Artificial intelligence (AI) deployments in africa: benefits, challenges and policy dimensions, Afr. J. Inf. Commun. 26 1–28, https://doi.org/10.23962/10539/30361.

Mittal, Himani and Tripathi, Shivansh and Tripathi, Himanshu, Smart Real Time Dataveillance with Artificial Intelligence (January 28, 2022). Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative Computing & Communication (ICICC) 2022, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4020403 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4020403

Qin, Z.Z., Sander, M.S., Rai, B.,Titahong, C.N., Sudrungrot, S. and Laah, S.N. et al. (2019), Using artificial intelligence to read chest radiographs for tuberculosis detection : a multisite evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of three deep learning systems, Sci. Rep. 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51503-3.

Osei, D. Kuupiel, P.N. and Vezi, T.P. (2021). Mashamba-Thompson, Mapping evidence of mobile health technologies for disease diagnosis and treatment support by health workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review, BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 21 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1186/S12911-020-01381-X/FIGURES/4.

Dabengwa I.M., Nyati-Jokomo Z., Chikoko L., Makanga P.T., Nyapwere N., Makacha L.2022. A participatory learning approach for the development of a maternal mobile health technology in Zimbabwe 101080/0376835X20222059449.

City of Hope. (2020). City of Hope and Syapse partner to provide precision medicine to cancer patients. https://www.cityofhope.org/city-ofhope-and-syapse-partner-to-provide-precision-medicine-to-cancer-patients

Marufu,C, and Maboe, K.A. (2017).Utilisation of mobile health by medical doctors in a Zimbabwean health care facility, Health SA Gesondheid 22 228–234, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HSAG.2017.03.002.

Shortliffe, E. H., & Sepúlveda, M. J. (2018). Clinical decision support in the era of artificial intelligence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 320(21), 2199-2200. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.17138

Esteva, A., Robicquet, A., Ramsundar, B., Kuleshov, V., DePristo, M., Chou, K., Cui, C., Corrado, G., & Dean, J. (2019). A guide to deep learning in healthcare. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0316-z

Bashshur, R. L., Shannon, G. W., & Bashshur, N. (2016). The empirical evidence for telemedicine interventions in mental disorders. Telemedicine and e-Health, 22(2), 87-113.

Batani, M.S. and Maharaj, J. (2022).Towards data-driven models for diverging emerging technologies for maternal, neonatal and child health services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review, Glob. Health J. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. GLOHJ.2022.11.003.

Phoobane, M. Masinde, T.and Mabhaudhi,M.(2022).Predicting infectious diseases: a bibliometric review on Africa, Int. Journal. Environ. Res. Public Health 19 1893, https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH19031893/S1.

Chen, M., Mao, S., & Liu, Y. (2019). Big data: a survey. Mobile Networks and Applications, 19(2), 171-209. doi: 10.1007/s11036-013-0489-0

Mbunge, E., Muchemwa,B., Jiyane, S.,and Batani,J. (2021), Sensors and healthcare 5.0: transformative shift in virtual care through emerging digital health technologies, Glob. Heal. J. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GLOHJ.2021.11.008.

Shamseer,L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., and Petticrew,M. et al., (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation, BMJ 349 https://doi.org/ 10.1136/BMJ.G7647.

Thomford, N.E., Bope, C.D., Agamah, . F.E.,Owusu, R., Atek and Chimusa, E. (2020), Implementing artificial intelligence and digital health in resource-limited settings? Top 10 lessons we learned in congenital heart defects and cardiology, OMICS A J. Integr. Biol. 24 264 277, https://doi.org/10.1089/ OMI.2019.0142/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/OMI.2019.0142FIGURE1.JPEG.

Chen, Y., Cai, W., Tang, J., Chen, Y., & Wang, Y. (2021). Artificial intelligence and healthcare: past, present, and future. American Journal of Medical Research, 8(1), 1-7.

Accenture. (2017). Artificial Intelligence: Healthcare’s New Nervous System. Retrieved from https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insightartificial-intelligence-healthcare

Ellahham, S. (2020). Artificial intelligence: the future for diabetes care, Am. J. Med. 133 895–900, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMJMED.2020.03.033.

Bishop, C.M. and Nabney, I.T. (2008) Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning: A Matlab Companion. Springer, In preparation

Mavani, N.R., Ali, J.M., Othman, S. et al. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Food Industry—a Guideline. Food Eng Rev 14, 134–175 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-021-09290-z

Javaid, M., Haleem, A., Singh, R. P., Suman, R., & Rab, S. (2022). Significance of machine learning in healthcare: Features, pillars and applications. International Journal of Intelligent Networks, 3, 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijin.2022.05.002

Jamwal, A., Agrawal, R., & Sharma, M. (2022). Deep learning for manufacturing sustainability: Models, applications in Industry 4.0 and implications. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2(2), 100107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100107

Jeyaraman M, Balaji S, Jeyaraman N, Yadav S. Unraveling the Ethical Enigma: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. Cureus. 2023 Aug 10;15(8):e43262. doi: 10.7759/cureus.43262. PMID: 37692617; PMCID: PMC10492220.

Cobo,M.J.,Lopez-Herrera, A.G.,Herrera-Viedma, E.and Herrera,F.(2011).Science mapping software tools: review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 62 1382–1402, https://doi.org/10.1002/ASI.21525.

Sahlol, A.T, Abd Elaziz, A. Tariq Jamal, R. Damaˇseviˇcius, Hassan, O., (2020).A novel method for detection of tuberculosis in chest radiographs using artificial ecosystem-based optimisation of deep neural network features, Symmetry 12 1146, https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12071146 (Basel).

Google. (2020). Mayo Clinic's symptom checker. Retrieved from https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/mayo-clinicssymptom-checker-powered-by-google/

Atomwise. (2021). City of Hope and Atomwise partner to discover novel therapies for cancer. https://www.atomwise.com/press-release/cityof-hope-and-atomwise-partner-to-`discover-novel-therapies-for-cancer/

Ibrahim, P. and Tulay, J. Abdullahi, (2023).Multi-region machine learning-based novel ensemble approaches for predicting COVID-19 pandemic in Africa, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 3621–3643, https://doi.org/10.1007/S11356-022-22373-6/ FIGURES/12.

Kondo, T.S., Diwani, S.A., Nyamawe, A.S. et al. Exploring the status of artificial intelligence for healthcare research in Africa: a bibliometric and thematic analysis. AI Ethics (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00359-5

Chingombe, I., Dzinamarira, T., Cuadros, D., Mapingure, M.P., Mbunge, E., and Chaputsira, S.et al., (2022). Predicting HIV status among men who have sex with men in bulawayo & harare, zimbabwe using bio-behavioural data, recurrent neural networks, and machine learning techniques, Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 7 (2022) 231, https://doi.org/10.3390/TROPICALMED7090231, Vol 7, Page 231.

Deshpande, A. (2020, October). 5 ways AI is transforming healthcare administration. HealthIT Analytics.https://healthitanalytics.com/features/5-ways-ai-is-transforming-healthcare-administration

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Health (2023, May 16). https://www.who.int/teams/digital-health-and-innovation/harnessing-artificial-intelligence-for-health

Grand View Research. (2021). AI in healthcare market size, share & trends analysis report by component (software, hardware, service), by application (robot-assisted surgery, virtual nursing assistant), by end use, by region, and segment forecasts, 2021-2028. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/artificial-intelligence-ai-in-healthcare-market JMHS 4(3): 58-68 Page | 67

AI in healthcare market size, share & trends analysis report by component (software, hardware, service), by application (robot-assisted surgery, virtual nursing assistant), by end use, by region, and segment forecasts, 2021-2028. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/artificial-intelligence-ai-in-healthcare-market JMHS 4(3): 58-68 Page | 67

Kaye, J., Whitley, E. A., Lund, D., Morrison, M., & Teare, H. (2019). Dynamic consent: A patient interface for twenty-first century research networks. European Journal of Human Genetics, 27(2), 152-156. doi: 10.1038/s41431-018-0290-3

Kumar K, Kumar P, Deb D, Unguresan M-L, Muresan V. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Based Intervention in Medical Infrastructure: A Review and Future Trends. Healthcare. 2023; 11(2):207. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020207

Dubovitskaya, A., Xu, Z., Ryu, S., & Schumacher, M. I. (2018). Machine learning in healthcare: a review. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 22(4), 1209-1224.

Topol, E. J. (2019). High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 44-56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7

Ku, C. C., Kuo, R. J., & Chiu, T. K. (2018). Hospital information system adoption: A review of the literature. Journal of Medical System

Darzi, A., & Yang, G. Z. (2018). Autonomous surgical robotics: a new paradigm. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, 17(9), 547.

Fong, S., & Wong, H. (2017). A novel approach for healthcare fraud detection using artificial intelligence. Journal of Medical Systems, 41(8), 132. doi:10.1007/s10916-017-0767-2

Zhang, C., Zheng, W., Huang, D., Zhong, S., Ma, X., Zhang, L., & Chen, J. (2021). Artificial intelligence in drug discovery: Recent advances and future prospects. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 16(4), 357-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2021.188801

Alvarez-Rodríguez, J., Zeadally, S., & Gascón-Garrido, A. (2021). The challenges of big data in healthcare: A case study of data governance in Spain. Journal of Medical Systems, 45(1), 1-8.

Gutierrez, K. (2020). Using virtual reality for pain management. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/using-virtual-reality-for-pain-management


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


EKETE - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH.   Powered by Journalsplace.org